Peptide Education
Plain-language reference profiles for commonly discussed research peptides and injectables — what they are, how they’re thought to work, and the figures you’ll see cited.
Each profile summarizes a peptide’s background, proposed mechanism, researched uses, a commonly cited protocol, and reconstitution notes, followed by a short FAQ. Every page also links to our free reconstitution calculator, pre-filled for that compound, so you can turn a vial size and target dose into the exact insulin-syringe units to draw. New to the terminology? The peptide glossary defines the reconstitution and dosing terms you’ll see. This library is educational writing for general understanding — it is not medical advice, and none of these compounds are approved for the uses discussed. Always work with a qualified healthcare provider.
Peptides
98BPC-157
A synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide based on a fragment of a protective protein found in gastric juice, studied mainly for soft-tissue repair and gut protection.
GHK-Cu
A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide widely used in cosmetics and studied for skin remodeling, wound healing and hair support.
Tesamorelin
A stabilized growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog and one of the few peptides here with FDA approval — indicated for reducing excess visceral fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
CJC-1295 without DAC
A short-acting GHRH fragment that stimulates a natural growth-hormone pulse — the "DAC-free" version clears quickly and is frequently paired with a GHRP.
Semax
A short heptapeptide developed in Russia from a fragment of ACTH, used there clinically for cognition and stroke recovery and popular as a nootropic.
Selank
A Russian-developed heptapeptide based on the immune peptide tuftsin, studied as a non-sedating anti-anxiety agent with cognitive and immune effects.
DSIP
A naturally occurring nine-amino-acid neuropeptide named for its association with deep (delta-wave) sleep, studied for sleep, stress and pain modulation.
MOTS-c
A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and exercise capacity.
AOD-9604
A modified fragment of growth hormone studied for fat metabolism without the blood-sugar effects of full hGH.
Melanotan I
An α-MSH analog that stimulates melanin (tanning) and is approved in some regions for a rare light-sensitivity disorder.
Melanotan II
A potent α-MSH analog used for tanning that also affects appetite and libido.
PT-141
A melanocortin agonist FDA-approved (as bremelanotide) for low sexual desire, acting through the brain rather than blood flow.
Ipamorelin
A selective growth-hormone-releasing peptide that raises GH with minimal effect on hunger or cortisol.
TB-500
A synthetic version of a thymosin beta-4 region studied for systemic healing, flexibility, and recovery.
Sermorelin
A GHRH analog (the first 29 amino acids) that prompts the pituitary to release growth hormone.
GHRP-2
A growth-hormone-releasing peptide that strongly stimulates GH, with some appetite increase.
GHRP-6
A growth-hormone-releasing peptide known for a strong GH pulse and a pronounced hunger increase.
Hexarelin
One of the most potent GH-releasing peptides, though tolerance can build with continued use.
Epithalon
A short Russian-developed peptide studied for telomerase activation, sleep, and healthy aging.
Thymosin Alpha-1
An immune-modulating peptide (approved in some countries) studied for infection and immune balance.
Semaglutide
An FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist for type-2 diabetes and weight management.
Tirzepatide
An FDA-approved dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist for type-2 diabetes and weight loss.
Retatrutide
An investigational triple agonist (GLP-1 / GIP / glucagon) showing large weight-loss effects in trials.
CJC-1295 with DAC
The long-acting version of CJC-1295 — a Drug Affinity Complex binds it to albumin so one dose lasts about a week.
IGF-1 LR3
A long-acting analog of insulin-like growth factor 1, studied for muscle growth and recovery.
Follistatin 344
A protein studied for muscle growth via inhibition of myostatin, a natural brake on muscle size.
Kisspeptin-10
A signaling peptide that sits at the top of the reproductive hormone axis, studied for fertility and libido.
Gonadorelin
A synthetic form of GnRH used to stimulate LH and FSH — popular alongside TRT to maintain testicular function.
Cagrilintide
A long-acting amylin analog studied for weight loss, often paired with a GLP-1 agonist.
SS-31
A mitochondria-targeting peptide studied for cellular energy, recovery, and age-related decline.
KPV
A tiny tripeptide fragment of α-MSH studied for its anti-inflammatory effects, especially in the gut.
LL-37
A natural antimicrobial peptide studied for infection defense, wound healing, and immune modulation.
Oxytocin
A natural hormone and neuropeptide involved in bonding, trust, and mood, studied intranasally for social and emotional effects.
Adipotide
An experimental peptide studied for rapid fat loss by cutting the blood supply to fat tissue.
Cerebrolysin
A mixture of neuropeptides and amino acids used in some countries for stroke, dementia, and brain injury.
Dihexa
A potent nootropic peptide studied for forming new synaptic connections and supporting memory.
Humanin
A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for cytoprotection, metabolism, and healthy aging.
Pinealon
A short Russian "bioregulator" tripeptide studied for brain function and healthy aging.
Thymulin
A zinc-dependent thymic peptide studied for immune balance and anti-inflammatory effects.
Survodutide
An investigational dual glucagon/GLP-1 receptor agonist studied for weight loss and liver disease.
VIP
A signaling peptide studied for inflammation, immune balance, and chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS).
SNAP-8
A cosmetic peptide used topically to soften expression lines — a "needle-free Botox" style ingredient.
MK-677 (Ibutamoren)
An orally active, non-peptide growth-hormone secretagogue studied for its ability to raise growth hormone and IGF-1 levels by mimicking the hormone ghrelin.
GHRP-1
A synthetic growth-hormone-releasing peptide from the same family as GHRP-2 and GHRP-6, studied for its ability to stimulate growth-hormone secretion.
HGH Fragment 176-191
A short fragment corresponding to the C-terminal region of human growth hormone, studied mainly for its reported fat-mobilizing (lipolytic) activity without the broader growth effects of full GH.
IGF-1 DES
A truncated variant of insulin-like growth factor 1 missing its first three amino acids, studied for its potent, short-acting anabolic activity in tissue.
MGF (Mechano Growth Factor)
A splice variant of IGF-1 produced in muscle in response to mechanical stress, studied for its role in muscle repair and satellite-cell activation.
PEG-MGF
A pegylated version of mechano growth factor engineered for a longer half-life, studied for muscle repair and satellite-cell activation over a more sustained window.
ACE-031
A soluble decoy receptor (activin receptor type IIB fused to an antibody fragment) studied for increasing muscle mass by blocking myostatin and related signals.
Follistatin 315
The circulating 315-amino-acid isoform of the natural protein follistatin, studied for its ability to bind and neutralize myostatin and activin, potentially favoring muscle growth.
Mazdutide
An investigational GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist studied in the literature for metabolic and body-weight endpoints.
N-Acetyl Semax
An acetylated analog of the Semax peptide, commonly cited in the research literature for context around cognition and neuroprotection.
N-Acetyl Selank
An acetylated analog of Selank, commonly cited in the research literature for context around anxiety and cognition.
P21 (P021)
A small peptidergic compound derived from a CNTF motif, commonly cited in the research literature for context around neurogenesis.
FGL (FG Loop Peptide)
A peptide derived from the neural cell adhesion molecule, commonly cited in the research literature for context around plasticity and memory.
PE-22-28
A short peptide analog of spadin, commonly cited in the research literature for context around mood and neuroplasticity.
Cortexin
A polypeptide extract of animal cerebral cortex, commonly cited in the research literature for context around neuroprotection.
Noopept
A synthetic dipeptide-derived nootropic, commonly cited in the research literature for context around memory and cognition.
Thymosin Beta-4
A naturally occurring actin-binding peptide studied for wound healing, tissue repair, and cell migration.
ARA-290 (Cibinetide)
A short synthetic peptide derived from erythropoietin, studied for tissue protection and neuropathic pain without erythropoietin's blood effects.
Thymalin
A polypeptide fraction extracted from thymus tissue, studied in Russian research for immune regulation.
Thymogen
A synthetic dipeptide developed in Russian research as an immunomodulator related to thymic peptides.
FOXO4-DRI
A synthetic retro-inverso peptide studied as a senolytic that targets senescent cells in aging research.
Vilon
A short synthetic dipeptide bioregulator from Khavinson's Russian research, studied for immune and aging-related effects.
Cortagen
A short peptide bioregulator from Russian research, studied for effects on brain cortex tissue and neural function.
Vesugen
A short synthetic tripeptide bioregulator from Russian research, studied for vascular tissue support.
Cardiogen
A short peptide bioregulator from Russian research, studied for effects related to heart muscle tissue.
Bronchogen
A short synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator from Russian research, studied for bronchial and respiratory tissue support.
Ovagen
A short synthetic tripeptide bioregulator from Russian research, studied for liver and intestinal tissue support.
Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-8)
A topical cosmetic peptide studied for the appearance of expression lines.
Matrixyl (Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4)
A topical cosmetic peptide studied for collagen-related skin appearance.
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1
A topical cosmetic peptide studied for skin firmness and tone appearance.
GLOW
A popular recovery-and-skin blend combining GHK-Cu, BPC-157 and TB-500 in a single vial.
KLOW
The GLOW recovery trio (GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500) with KPV added for its anti-inflammatory profile.
KLOW-Cu
A copper-forward version of the KLOW blend, emphasizing the GHK-Cu (copper peptide) component.
ZEUS
A branded multi-peptide recovery blend, most often built around GHK-Cu, BPC-157 and TB-500.
CagriSema
An investigational fixed combination of the amylin analog cagrilintide with the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide.
BPC-157 / TB-500 Blend
The classic recovery pairing — BPC-157 and TB-500 combined in one vial for local plus systemic repair.
CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin Blend
A GHRH analog (CJC-1295) paired with a selective GHRP (Ipamorelin) — the most common GH-support blend.
Tesamorelin / Ipamorelin Blend
A GHRH analog studied for visceral fat (tesamorelin) paired with the GH secretagogue ipamorelin.
Somatropin (HGH)
A recombinant form of human growth hormone commonly cited in the research literature for context on the somatotropic axis.
GHK (Copper-Free)
The GHK tripeptide without its copper ion, commonly cited in the research literature for context on skin and tissue signaling.
Larazotide
An orally administered, locally acting gut-barrier peptide commonly cited in the research literature for context on intestinal permeability.
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7
A palmitoylated cosmetic peptide commonly cited in the skincare literature for context on soothing and anti-aging formulations.
Matrixyl 3000
A topical cosmetic peptide blend commonly cited in the skincare literature for context on wrinkle-appearance formulations.
Somatostatin
A natural inhibitory hormone commonly cited in the research literature for context on the regulation of growth hormone and other secretions.
Endoluten
A peptide extract derived from pineal tissue, studied in Russian bioregulator research for aging-related and neuroendocrine markers.
Cerluten
A brain-derived peptide bioregulator studied in Russian research for CNS and cognitive-related markers.
Vladonix
A thymus-derived peptide bioregulator studied in Russian research for immune-related markers in aging.
Testagen
A testis-derived peptide bioregulator studied in Russian research for reproductive-tissue markers.
Libidon
A prostate-derived peptide bioregulator (also marketed as Prostamax) studied in Russian research for prostate-tissue markers.
Chonluten
A bronchial/lung-derived peptide bioregulator studied in Russian research for respiratory-tissue markers.
Visoluten
A retina/eye-derived peptide bioregulator studied in Russian research for ocular-tissue markers.
Sigumir
A cartilage/bone-derived peptide bioregulator studied in Russian research for joint- and bone-tissue markers.
Crystagen
An immune-system peptide bioregulator studied in Russian research for immune-related markers in aging.
Suprefort
A pancreas-derived peptide bioregulator studied in Russian research for metabolic and pancreatic-tissue markers.
Midnight Blend
A nighttime recovery blend, typically pairing a GH-secretagogue combo (CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin) with DSIP for sleep.
Hercules
A performance-and-recovery blend, most often combining BPC-157, TB-500 and GHK-Cu for tissue repair.
Aminos & Injectables
29Vitamin B12
An essential water-soluble vitamin often given by injection to correct deficiency and support energy, nerve function, and healthy red blood cells.
NAD+
A coenzyme central to cellular energy and repair, given by injection or IV for energy and longevity research.
5-Amino-1MQ
A small molecule (not a peptide) studied for metabolism and fat loss by blocking the enzyme NNMT.
AICAR
A non-peptide small molecule studied in the research literature as an AMPK activator with metabolic effects.
L-Carnitine
An amino-acid-derived compound cited in the literature for its role in fatty-acid transport and energy metabolism.
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)
A naturally occurring compound cited in the literature as an antioxidant and cofactor in mitochondrial energy metabolism.
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
A NAD+ precursor cited in the research literature for cellular energy metabolism and aging-related endpoints.
Glutathione
An endogenous tripeptide antioxidant cited in the literature for redox balance and cellular detoxification.
Alpha-GPC
A choline-containing compound, commonly cited in the research literature for context around acetylcholine support and cognition.
L-Theanine
An amino acid found in tea, commonly cited in the research literature for context around calm focus and stress.
GABA
The main inhibitory neurotransmitter, sold as a supplement and commonly cited in the research literature for context around relaxation and sleep.
Taurine
A sulfur-containing amino acid, commonly cited in the research literature for context around metabolism and cellular function.
Glycine
A simple amino acid taken orally and studied in relation to sleep quality.
L-Glutamine
A conditionally essential amino acid taken orally and studied for gut and recovery support.
L-Arginine
An amino acid taken orally and studied as a nitric-oxide precursor for circulation.
L-Citrulline
An amino acid taken orally and studied for nitric oxide and exercise endurance.
NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine)
A modified amino acid taken orally and studied as a glutathione and antioxidant precursor.
Beta-Alanine
A non-essential amino acid taken orally and studied for muscular endurance.
Creatine
An amino-acid-derived compound taken orally and widely studied for strength and muscle.
L-Lysine
An essential amino acid taken orally and studied in immune and cold-sore contexts.
Carnosine
A dipeptide taken orally and studied for antioxidant and anti-glycation properties.
Lipo Extreme
A lipotropic ("fat-metabolizing") injection blend — typically MIC (methionine, inositol, choline) with B12 and L-carnitine.
5-Amino-1MQ + NADH
A metabolic blend pairing the NNMT inhibitor 5-Amino-1MQ with NADH to support cellular energy pathways.
SLU-PP-332
A research "exercise-mimetic" small molecule that activates estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) to boost fat metabolism.
Acetic Acid (reconstitution)
A dilute acetic-acid solution used as a solvent to dissolve peptides that do not fully reconstitute in bacteriostatic water.
Tesofensine
An oral, non-peptide triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor commonly cited in the research literature for context on appetite and weight studies.
Pentosan Polysulfate (PPS)
A semi-synthetic sulfated polysaccharide commonly cited in the research literature for context on joint and bladder-lining research.
Bacteriostatic Water
A preserved sterile water used as a diluent to reconstitute lyophilized peptides; it is a solvent, not a therapeutic.
Sterile Water for Injection
A preservative-free sterile water used as a single-use diluent; it is a solvent, not a therapeutic.
⚠️ Educational reference only — not medical advice. These compounds are largely research chemicals not approved for human use in most countries. Nothing here is a recommendation to obtain or administer any substance. Consult a qualified clinician.